随着晶体的重复单元,即它的单元格,变得越来越大,越来越复杂,X射线晶体学所提供的原子级图片对于给定数量的观察反射来说就变得不那么清晰了(更加 “模糊”)。X射线晶体学的两个极限情况经常被辨别出来,即 “小分子 “和 “大分子 “晶体学。小分子晶体学通常涉及在其不对称单元中少于100个原子的晶体;这种晶体结构的分辨率通常很高,其原子可以被辨别为孤立的电子密度 “斑点”。相比之下,大分子晶体学往往涉及到单元格中的数万个原子。这样的晶体结构通常分辨率较低(更加 “模糊”);原子和化学键看起来像电子密度管,而不是孤立的原子。一般来说,小分子也比大分子更容易结晶;然而,事实证明,即使是有几十万个原子的病毒,X射线晶体学也是有可能的。
Resolution (Å) | 意义 |
>4.0 | Individual atomic coordinates meaningless. Secondary structure elements can be determined.单个原子坐标没有意义。二级结构元素可以被确定。 |
3.0 – 4.0 | Fold possibly correct, but errors are very likely. Many sidechains placed with wrong rotamer.折叠可能是正确的,但错误是非常可能的。许多侧链放置在错误的旋转体上。 |
2.5 – 3.0 | Fold likely correct except that some surface loops might be mismodelled. Several long, thin sidechains (lys, glu, gln, etc.) and small sidechains (ser, val, thr, etc.) likely to have wrong rotamers.折叠可能是正确的,除了一些表面的环可能是错误的模型。一些细长的侧链(lys, glu, gln等)和小侧链(ser, val, thr等)可能有错误的旋转体。 |
2.0 – 2.5 | As 2.5 – 3.0, but number of sidechains in wrong rotamer is considerably less. Many small errors can normally be detected. Fold normally correct and number of errors in surface loops is small. Water molecules and small ligands become visible.如2.5 – 3.0,但错误的旋转体中侧链的数量要少得多。许多小的错误通常可以被发现。折叠通常是正确的,表面循环中的错误数量很少。水分子和小配体变得可见。 |
1.5 – 2.0 | Few residues have wrong rotamer. Many small errors can normally be detected. Folds are rarely incorrect, even in surface loops.少数残基有错误的旋转体。许多小的错误通常可以被发现。褶皱很少不正确,甚至在表面环中也是如此。 |
0.5 – 1.5 | In general, structures have almost no errors at this resolution. Individual atoms in a structure can be resolved. Rotamer libraries and geometry studies are made from these structures.一般来说,结构在这种分辨率下几乎没有错误。结构中的单个原子可以被解析。旋转体库和几何学研究是由这些结构组成的。 |
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