本网页提供了几个有用的常见生物常数和转换表。这些包括公制前缀、分光光度计转换、不同浓度的琼脂糖和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶分辨率等。你可以使用这些表格来帮助你的DNA/RNA/蛋白质定量、电泳凝胶制备、蛋白质合成和其他研究。
Metric Prefixes
| Prefix | Symbol | Factor |
|---|---|---|
| kilo | k | 103 |
| centi | c | 10-2 |
| milli | m | 10-3 |
| micro | µ | 10-6 |
| nano | n | 10-9 |
| pico | p | 10-12 |
| femto | f | 10-15 |
| atto | a | 10-18 |
| zepto | z | 10-21 |
分光光度法的转换
| 1 A260 unit of double-stranded DNA=50 µg/ml |
| 1 A260 unit of single-stranded DNA=33 µg/ml |
| 1 A260 unit of single-stranded RNA=40 µg/ml |
DNA摩尔转换
| 1 µg of 1,000 bp DNA |
≈
|
1.52 pmol(3.03 pmol of ends) |
| 1 µg of pBR322 DNA |
≈
|
0.36 pmol DNA |
| 1 pmol of 1,000 bp DNA |
≈
|
0.66 µg |
| 1 pmol of pBR322 DNA |
≈
|
2.8 µg |
DNA摩尔转换的公式
| For dsDNA |
|---|
| To convert pmol to µg: |
| pmol × N × 660 pg/pmol × 1 µg/106 pg = µg |
| To convert µg to pmol: |
| µg × 106 pg/1 µg × pmol/660 pg × 1/N = pmol |
| For ssDNA |
| To convert pmol to µg: |
| pmol × N × 330 pg/pmol × 1µg/106 pg = µg |
| To convert µg to pmol: |
| µg × 106 pg/1 µg × pmol/330 pg × 1/N = pmol |
| where N is the number of nucleotides and 330 pg/pmol is the average MW of a nucleotide |
蛋白质摩尔转换
| 100 pmol of 100 kDa protein |
=
|
10 µg |
| 100 pmol of 50 kDa protein |
=
|
5 µg |
| 100 pmol of 10 kDa protein |
=
|
1 µg |
| 100 pmol of 1 kDa protein |
=
|
100 ng |
Protein/DNA 转换
| 1 kb DNA |
→
|
333 amino acids |
|
→
|
37 kDa protein | |
| 270 b DNA |
→
|
10 kDa protein |
| 810 b DNA |
→
|
30 kDa protein |
| 1.35 kb DNA |
→
|
50 kDa protein |
| 2.7 kb DNA |
→
|
100 kDa protein |
| average MW of an amino acid |
≈
|
110 daltons |
| Dalton (Da) is an alternate name for the atomic mass unit, and kilodalton (kDa) is 1,000 daltons. Thus a protein with a mass of 64 kDa has a molecular weight of 64,000 grams per mole | ||
Agarose Gel(%):线性DNA的解析
| Recommended % Agarose浓度 | Optimum Resolution for Linear DNA (Size of fragments in nucleotides;bp) |
|---|---|
| 0.5 | 1,000-30,000 |
| 0.7 | 800-12,000 |
| 1.0 | 500-10,000 |
| 1.2 | 400-7,000 |
| 1.5 | 200-3,000 |
| 2.0 | 50-2,000 |
Polyacrylamide Gel(%):Resolution of Protein
| Recommended % Acrylamide | Protein Size Range |
|---|---|
| 8 | 40-200 kDa |
| 10 | 21-100 kDa |
| 12 | 10-40 kDa |
Length/M.W. of Common Nucleic Acids.
| Nucleic Acid | Number of Nucleotides | Molecular Weight |
|---|---|---|
| lambda DNA | 48,502(dsDNA) | 3.2 × 107 |
| pBR322DNA | 4,361(dsDNA) | 2.8 × 106 |
| 28S rRNA | 4,800 | 1.6 × 106 |
| 23S rRNA(E.coli) | 2,900 | 1.0 × 106 |
| 18S rRNA | 1,900 | 6.5 × 105 |
| 16S rRNA(E.coli) | 1,500 | 5.1 × 105 |
| 5S rRNA(E.coli) | 120 | 4.1 × 104 |
| tRNA(E.coli) | 75 | 2.5 × 104 |
| *Molecular weights based on actual sequence. | ||
Standards
| 1. Average MW of dsDNA base pair = 600. |
| 2. Average MW of ssDNA base =330. |
| 3. Average MW of RNA base =340. |
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